Empress Theodora and her Attendants 2. unknown 3.Jewish Early Christian Byzantine c. 547 4.Mosaic 5.Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy 6.Church of San Vitale in Ravenna, Italy 7. none 8. She gave reception and sent letters and gifts to Persian and foreign ambassadors and the sister of Khosrow I. asked Jul 17, 2016 in Art & Culture by Giordano_TX. Empress Theodora and Her Attendants, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, c. 547. Both Theodora and Justinian are represented in mosaics that exist to this day in the Basilica of San Vitale of Ravenna, Italy, which was completed a year before her death. The photomosaic ‘ Empress Theodora and Her Attendants’ depicts empress Theodora encircled by a server of her tribunal ladies and attendants. Empress Theodora (c. 500-548), the woman in dark purple, was an important historical leader in the Byzantine Empire, yet history has not been kind to her. According to Secret History, she attempted to marry her grandson Anastasius to Joannina, Belisarius' and Antonina's daughter and heiress, against her parents' will, although the couple would eventually fall in love with each other. [17], Her involvement in helping underprivileged women was substantial, being "known for buying girls who had been sold into prostitution, freeing them, and providing for their future. The historian offered three contradictory portrayals of the empress. When Justinian succeeded to the throne in 527, two years after the marriage, Theodora was crowned Augusta and became empress of the Eastern Roman Empire. According to Michael the Syrian, her birthplace was in Mabbug, Title: Empress Theodora and Retinue; Creator: Description: Theodora stands with her attendants in the anteroom of a church. "[12] This was in Novel 8.1 (AD 535), an anti-corruption legislation, where provincial officials had to take an oath to her as well as the emperor. Empress Theodora and Her Attendants BASIC FACTS Empress Theodora and Her Attendants Year: 547 ce Medium: Mosaic Location: San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy THE NITTY GRITTY Empress Theodora Life: 500 ce - 548 ce Reign: 537 ce - 548 ce Empress alongside, husband, Emperor Justinian I Most Create flashcards for FREE and quiz yourself with an interactive flipper. Our most recent study sets focusing on Emperor Justinian And His Attendants will help you get ahead by allowing you to study whenever you want, wherever you are. The Miaphysites believed her influence on Justinian to be so strong that after her death, when he worked to bring harmony between the Monophysites and the Chalcedonian Christians in the Empire, and kept his promise to protect her little community of Monophysite refugees in the Hormisdas Palace, the Miaphysites suspected Theodora's memory to be the driving factor. As for me, I agree with the adage that the royal purple is the noblest shroud. Following the Nika revolt, Justinian and Theodora rebuilt and reformed Constantinople, building or rebuilding aqueducts, bridges and more than twenty five churches. [22] Other sources report that she died at 51. The riots stemmed from many grievances, some of which had resulted from Justinian's and Theodora's own actions. Theodora’s “huge jeweled and pearl-hung crown nearly dwarfs her delicate features, yet the empress dominates these worldly trappings by the intensity of her gaze” (Stokstad 261). We are rich; over there is the sea, and yonder are the ships. This Mosaic is found in the Basilica of San Vitale. May I never be deprived of this purple robe, and may I never see the day when those who meet me do not call me empress. Mar 30, 2013 - 1. [1], Her contemporary John of Ephesus writes about Theodora in his Lives of the Eastern Saints and mentions an illegitimate daughter.[2]. Empress Theodora of Byzantium Theodora is of great interest to many historians who have trouble reconciling the conflicting accounts of her life written by Procopius. Little is know about the early life of Theodora, who rose to become one of the most famous women in Western civilization. Empress Theodora and Her Attendants, Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy, c. 547. Justinian is depicted as cruel, venal, prodigal and incompetent; as for Theodora, the reader is given a detailed portrayal of vulgarity and underage sex, combined with shrewish and calculating mean-spiritedness; Procopius even claims both are demons whose heads were seen to leave their bodies and roam the palace at night. The eunuch Narses, who in old age developed into a brilliant general, was her close ally, as was the praetorian prefect Peter Barsymes. Theodora was Empress of the Roman Empire married to Emperor Justinian. Theodora worked against her husband's support of Chalcedonian Christianity in the ongoing struggle for the predominance of each faction. Theodora, Byzantine empress known for her intelligence and political acumen. The mosaic, Empress Theodora and Attendants (Refer to Fig. When this was accomplished, Pope Vigilius was appointed in his stead. The mosaic program can also be seen to give visual testament to the two major ambitions of Justinian’s reign: as heir to the tradition of Roman Emperors, Justinian sought to … Nov 13, 2014 - Study Art History Final flashcards. Theophanes the Confessor mentions some familial relations of Theodora to figures not mentioned by Procopius. A man draws back a curtain leading into the sacred area as the empress hands a eucharistic chalice to another man to take into the sanctuary. She is accompanied by her sisters, ladies of the court, and two men. Try sets created by other students like you, or make your own with customized content. Other paraphernalia include the jeweled maniakis collar and crowning stemma, with elaborate pearl-and-gem prependoulia hanging to her shoulders. 1), portrays Emperor Justinians attempt to utilize art as a tool for imperial unification. She was born of humble origins at the beginning of the sixth centuryprobably in the year 500and died on June 28, 548. DR. Theodora is represented as part of an Imperial court group. c. They were symbols of piety. Empress Theodora and Her Attendants; South Apse Mosaic, Church of San Vitale, Ravenna ; Theodora and attendants Object Date: ca. Theodora mosaic is opposite the mosaic of Justinian, his husband. Theodora's death is recorded by Victor of Tonnena, with the cause uncertain but the Greek terms used are often translated as "cancer." Theodora, according to Michael Grant, was of Greek Cypriot descent. d. They were thought to protect the wearer from disease. She stayed with him for almost four years before returning to Constantinople. Theodora mosaic is opposite the mosaic of Justinian, his husband. Diehl attributes the modern existence of Jacobite Christianity equally to Baradaeus and to Theodora.[25]. It is found on the left wall of the apse and it represents Empress Theodora and her offerings to Christ. Though her background was considered disreputable, she married Justinian, who became emperor, allowing her to wield considerable influence. Various other historians presented additional information on her life. More than 50 million students study for free with the Quizlet app each month. ' 'The Empress Theodora and Retinue,'' Basilica of San Vitale, 547 San Vitale have the mosaic of Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora. She became empress upon Justinian's accession in 527 and was one of his chief advisers, albeit from humble origins. Procopius' Buildings of Justinian, written about the same time as the Secret History, is a panegyric which paints Justinian and Theodora as a pious couple and presents particularly flattering portrayals of them. He lived under her protection and, after her death in 548, under Justinian's. Theodora. She was often present when the emperor held court. ' 'The Empress Theodora and Retinue,'' Basilica of San Vitale, 547 San Vitale have the mosaic of Emperor Justinian and Empress Theodora. This acute panorama is performed in crystallise and bare lines that earmark direction the viewer’s attending on early optical way. They represented the position of empress. Together this Byzantine power couple dominated the 6th century, bringing light, wealth, and growth to an era that we t… She engaged in matchmaking, forming a network of alliances between the old powers, represented by emperor Anastasius' family and the pre-existing nobility, and the new, who were Justinian's and her relatives. She shared in his plans and political strategies, participated in state councils, and Justinian called her his "partner in my deliberations. She had her own court and official entourage. The emperor sought her views on many matters before issuing orders. They contradict Procopius by making Theodora the daughter of a priest, trained in the pious practices of Miaphysitism since birth. Later, he wrote the Secret History. If you wish to save yourself, my lord, there is no difficulty. Depicts the power and beauty of the empress and shows us the clothing influence. At a meeting of the government council, Theodora spoke out against leaving the palace and underlined the significance of someone who died as a ruler instead of living as an exile or in hiding, reportedly saying, "royal purple is the noblest shroud".[14]. Procopius wrote a history of co-Emperors Justinian and Theodora, a history that was a very positive account of their wisdom, judgment, and virtue. Her mother, whose name is not recorded, was a dancer and an actress. Other paraphernalia include the jeweled maniakis collar and crowning stemma, with elaborate pearl-and-gem prependoulia hanging to her shoulders. The marriages of her sister Comito to general Sittas and her niece Sophia to Justinian's nephew Justin II, who would succeed to the throne, are suspected to have been engineered by Theodora. The work has sometimes been interpreted as representing a deep disillusionment with the emperor Justinian, the empress, and even his patron Belisarius. When Justinian sought to marry Theodora, he could not: a Roman law from Constantine's time prevented anyone of senatorial rank from marrying actresses. a. Justinian had been determined that they be converted to the Chalcedonian faith and Theodora equally determined that they should be Miaphysites. [13], The rioters set many public buildings on fire, and proclaimed a new emperor, Hypatius, the nephew of former emperor Anastasius I. 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