The difference between root and stem is due to the following properties like: Origination: Roots originate from the radicle by the germination of seed whereas shoots originate from the plumule of developing the embryo. Q3: How does the arrangement of vascular bundles in the stem of a monocot differ from that of a eudicot. ... Based on presence of Cambium/ secondary growth > Open VB & Closed VB 2. The development of the xylems in this arrangement follows the centrifugal pattern. Xylem transports water and nutrients, phloem transports organic molecules, and cambium is involved in plant growth. Inner to the pericycle is vascular bundles. In dicot roots, there are less vascular bundles. In monocots stem, the vascular bundles are scattered across the stem without any definite arrangement. Whereas, exarch is the arrangement in which the protoxylem is directed towards the periphery and metaxylem towards the center. - They are grouped together into veins and vascular bundles as they pass through leaves . In this type of conjoint vascular bundle, phloem is present in two groups, one outside the xylem and the other inside the xylem (i.e., xylem is located between two strands of phloem). They are radial bundles in the primary structure. Wood is defined by the repeating interconnections in the vascular growth pattern of annual vascular layers. Xylem and phloem in stems. On the other hand, in dicots stem, the vascular bundles are arranged in the form of one or two broken rings, following that they have a definite shape. The main difference between stems of both the plants is due to the arrangement of the vascular bundle. Bi-collateral Vascular Bundles. Their vascular bundles are arranged in a circle within the stem, with phloem on the outside, xylem on the inside, and a layer of cambium in between each bundle. (Hint: start by considering the definitions of ground tissue, pith and cortex, then think about the differences in internal tissue arrangement in monocot and dicot stems). (b). In eudicots, vascular bundles are arranged in a ring within the stem. - In the stems, they are arranged in bundles near the edge to resist compression and bending forces. Q4: Is pith present in monocot stems? It is the characteristics of the stem of flowering plants. What is meant by open and closed vascular bundles? The development of the xylem in this arrangement follows the centripetal pattern. It is a single layer of parenchyma cells. Just under the bark lies the outer sapwood made up of bifacial cambium producing the outer phloem and inner xylem. Dicot vascular structure is distinctly different. Inner to the endodermis is the pericycle. Arrangement of vascular bundles: In roots, the vascular bundles are arranged in the central core while in shoots, arranged in a dispersed form. Xylem and phloem travel entire length of stems in discrete threads called ‘vascular bundles’. Draw a diagram if it helps. Based on the irregular arrangement of vascular-tissue elements in the nodes and in particular at the base of the short shoots, we conclude that the node is the area where vascular bundles are formed; this view is in accordance with the present molecular knowledge of bundle formation in monocots (Claßen-Bockhoff et al., 2020). Vascular tissue also provides structural support to leaves. Vascular bundles are a collection of tube-like tissues that flow through plants, transporting critical substances to various parts of the plant. Based on arrangement in the plant body > Radial & Conjoint 3. Differentiate conjoint and radial vascular bundles. 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