This motion moves the wax ring out of place, and some water then leaks out the seal during a flush. The leak is usually caused when the seal under the toilet fails. It will be unwise to leave the wet spot as it were. If it comes loose, the wax ring will not provide the proper seal and your toilet will start leaking at the base. Remove the Toilet & Old Wax Ring – Unscrew the water supply line from the toilet and remove the tee bolts from the floor. It can eat a lot of your time. Over time, however, these can degrade, cause leaks and allow sewer gases to enter your home. Toilets will most likely leak between the tank and the bowl or around the base when flushed. Post navigation. A toilet leaking around the base can be an overwhelming home maintenance issue for anyone. A leak in the base of the toilet is common. The wax ring is the wax seal that seals the area where your toilet goes into the floor below it. Locate the water shut-off valve under the toilet tank, and turn the handle clockwise to shut off the water supply to the tank. Shut off the water supply to the toilet tank by turning the water shut-off valve handle clockwise, which you can find under the tank. Water on the floor around the toilet base could mean several things. There is either a concern with your toilet tank, an issue with the water supply line, a potential back up and clog, or a problem in the base of the toilet. 4. Flush the toilet after an hour. Tighten the Toilet Tee Bolts. A toilet is sealed to the top of the drain pipe with a wax ring that sits between the toilet base and the drain flange. Press a tissue around the base of the toilet to check for moisture. Re-install the toilet by lifting it up and centering it over the flange bolts. Could you imagine if this was a toilet above your kitchen. This connection is usually sealed by a wax ring. A toilet is sealed to the top of the drain pipe with a wax ring that sits between the toilet base and the drain flange. Fortunately the toilet was on the first floor and dripped into the garage. Place the new wax ring over the hole on the toilet base and press it firmly with your hands, while doing it gently not to smash it out of shape. Loosen the nut on the supply line that connect… Having leak issues with your toilet is not very pleasant to begin your day with. Remove as much wax as possible. Diagnosing a problem with your toilet isn’t difficult. If your toilet leaks between the tank and the bowl when flushed it is a sign that the tank to bowl gasket (spud washer) is worn out, or the tank bolts are loose. The first thing you do if your toilet is leaking at the base is stop using it. A leaking toilet is characterized by water pooling around the base or a damp basement ceiling. A leaking toilet can affect your whole day’s mood only because of … 3. If it looks like the leak is coming from the toilet’s base, apply 20 drops of dye or food coloring into the bowl. Below you’ll learn how to install a new wax gasket to create a watertight seal between the toilet and the closet flange and install a new flexible water-supply tube. A toilet leaking at the base may be annoying and difficult to troubleshoot. If the toilet continues to leak at the base when flushed, it might not … Lastly, remove any leftover water from the base of the toilet by plunging it for a few seconds. Rock the bowl back and forth to see if iut moves, and if it does due to an uneven floor, you can place a plastic shim under the toilet base to stabilize it. Reconnect the water supply line and turn the water supply on. It has two-parts: GROSS . You should see a little plastic dome on both sides of the toilet’s base. Check for any leaks to avoid having such a problem after you have installed everything. All Rights Reserved. Remove the old toilet flange screws and slip each half of the flange support beneath the flange edges. Also, get rid of any old caulking from the base and the floor. If you find the nuts covered by caps, simply pry the caps up using a flat-head screwdriver to have access to the nuts. screwdriver sets Step 1: Gather tools and materials " Step 2: Check the connection bolts and tighten or replace " Step 3: Disconnect the toilet " Step 4: Remove and replace the wax ring " Step 5: Clean thoroughly " Loosen the nut on the supply line that connects the shut-off valve to the toilet tank fill valve, using a wrench. That may happen sooner or later. Under every toilet is a large round wax seal. Take a look at the sides on the base of your toilet. Privacy Policy. If you have water on the floor surrounding your toilet, you have a whole different set of issues. Six months later we had a nice toilet bowl leak. It’s only purpose is to keep water and other things from getting underneath the base of the toilet. The first is loose bolts that hold the toilet secure to the floor, which causes the base to shift or rock when you sit down. If you discover the base of your toilet is leaking, it’s important to act quickly before there is water damage to the floor. There are a few places where a toilet can leak: The bottom/base (hopefully not) The main water connection; The tank/bowl connection/gasket; The bolts; All of them are easy fixes. If you decide to do this yourself, watch the video above or follow these instructions below: If it’s not the tank and not the T-bolts, it is time to remove the toilet. Sometimes you might assume that the toilet is leaking from the base because there is water pooled on the floor by the toilet. These clients say that caulking around the base of the toilet would trap water from a leaking toilet, causing damage below and around the toilet since it has no place to leak onto the floor. To remove any leftover water, unscrew the nut holding the fill valve in place and catch the excess water with a small bucket. A toilet leaking at its base might be an easy do-it-yourself fix. Let’s look at some of the most common causes for leaks at the base of a toilet. Six months later we had a nice toilet bowl leak. Wait for the water to rise again to the designated water line of the tank and the toilet to fully complete a flush. 7. If your toilet leaks between the tank and the bowl when flushed it is a sign that the tank to bowl gasket (spud washer) is worn out, or the tank bolts are loose. If you notice a leak at the base of your toilet, the problem is with the connection between the toilet and the sewer outlet, called a closet flange. Turn Off the Shut Off Valve for the Water to the Toilet. Water which is pooling around the toilet base all the time – not just after flushing -- is actually the sign of a leak which comes from another part of the fixture. The repair plan for leaky toilet tanks depends on where the leak occurs. Leaky fill valves, tank bolts and spud washers are the three most common places in the toilet tank where leaks are likely to occur. 2. Answer: When a toilet leaks water from the bottom base on the bathroom floor, you most likely have a worn out wax ring seal. Then follow our step-by-step instructions on our article: How to Replace a Toilet Seal in 16 Steps. T-bolts are basically plastic caps that hold the toilet in place at the base. It's a good idea not to caulk along the rear of the base so that a leaking wax seal is detectable. Caulk along the toilet base where it meets the floor, if desired. If the nuts are covered by decorative caps, simply pry up the caps with a flat-head screwdriver to access the nuts. Replacing the Wax Ring When Toilet Leaking at Base. Tightening Toilet Tee Bolts (1) Make sure the toilet is positioned correctly on the floor. The leak is usually caused when the seal under the toilet fails. Flush the toilet to empty the tank and bowl. As an optional step, you can remove the bolts securing the tank to the bowl, lift off the tank, and set it aside. One of those potential causes is condensation from the toilet … A toilet flange that’s been leaking can cause the floor to rot, the flange to loosen and the leak to get worse. You’ll have to track down the cause of the leak, fix it … A toilet that leaks or runs is an easy homeowner fix—if you know how to diagnose the trouble. It helps the toilet flush, so if the wax seal is bad, the toilet will seep water out into the sewer. Check if your toilet is tightly bolted to the floor. A toilet leak on the floor can cause mold and structural damage both to the floor under the toilet and possibly the ceiling or foundation below, so this is a toilet repair bathroom plumbing issue that needs to be acted upon right away. Carefully lift the toilet straight up and then position it on its side to expose its underside—you might want to seek help from another person for this, as toilets can be heavy. If it does not sit perfectly flat, it will rock and is more likely to leak over time. To correct this problem, slip toilet shims between the base and the … Wipe up any water that is spilled from the line with a towel. How to Replace a Toilet on Cast Iron Pipe, How to Install a Toilet on an Unlevel Floor, The Home Depot: Project Guide - Installing a Toilet, Chicago Tribune: When and How to Replace Wax Ring on Commode, The Family Handyman: How to Repair a Leaking Toilet, How to Replace a Stainless Steel Closet Ring in a Toilet, How to Make a Toilet Level on Ceramic Tile, How to Get a Stagnant Water Smell Out of a Humidifier. Instead, we should have added a closet flange spacer ring. 10 years ago. After the repair of the leak, apply a new coat of paint on the ceiling directly below the toilet. A toilet flange that’s been leaking can cause the floor to rot, the flange to loosen and the leak to get worse. Flush the toilet to empty the tank and bowl. Press the bowl down firmly so that the wax expands and seals the gap between the toilet base and the flange. If water starts escaping at the base and you see traces of food coloring or dye in it, then the source of the leak is the toilet’s base. The water that’s leaking from the bottom is dirty water, which was in the bowl when it was used. We have replaced the wax ring and the seal between the tank and bowl which seemed to solve the problem for awhile. Why Your Toilet Could Be Leaking at the Base It’s not quite uncommon to hear people asking, “Why is my toilet leaking at the base?” Here are some of the possible reasons for the problem and what you can do to mitigate the damage. Having leak issues with your toilet is not very pleasant to begin your day with. Then flush the toilet to empty the tank. Cracks in the fabric of the toilet bowl can often cause it to leak around the base. Scrape off the old wax from the toilet base and the flange with a putty knife, removing as much of the material as possible. If you decide to do this yourself, watch the video above or follow these instructions below: If it’s not the tank and not the T-bolts, it is time to remove the toilet. If you find a leak, remove the toilet and replace the wax ring before continuing. After I plunged my toilet, there was a leak to the downstairs ceiling. Below you’ll learn how to install a new wax gasket to create a watertight seal between the toilet and the closet flange and install a new flexible water-supply tube. Wipe up any spilled water from the line with a towel. A leak in the base of the toilet is common. Check the fill valve connection for any leaking, and tighten the nut if the connection leaks. During installation, the ring would compress, creating a watertight connection, but over time, this ring would dry out, harden and then crack due to a rocking bowl, causing leaks around the toilet base. Turn Off the Shut Off Valve for the Water to the Toilet. Water which is pooling around the toilet base all the time – not just after flushing -- is actually the sign of a leak which comes from another part of the fixture. jillempa. Why is the toilet is leaking from the base? Look: The installer did a great job with the hardwood but shouldn’t have doubled the wax ring. Here is how to repair a leaking toilet base: 1. So before you spend your hard-earned money on a plumber, try this first. Another method that you can try is removing the bolts that secure the tank to the bowl, lifting the tank off and then setting it aside, which makes it easier for you to remove and reinstall the bowl. A toilet is sealed to the top of the drain pipe with a wax ring that sits between the toilet base and the drain flange. It happens to households every day and occurs for a variety of reasons. Set it down slowly and gently, ensuring that the wax ring is centered over the flange. Be careful not to overtighten the nuts, which can crack the base. Remove the rag from inside the toilet flange. The only-when-flushed toilet leak could be caused by loose mounting bolts or a worn-out wax gasket while the all-the-time leak could be caused by a loose water supply line connection, a problematic water shutoff valve, or a faulty seal between the toilet tank and its base. Also scrape any old caulking from the perimeter of the base and the floor. Toilets containing cracks in the bowl will more than likely result in a large pool of water around the base. Clean up the water and then periodically check on the toilet over the next half hour to see where the leak is coming from. Yes, it will leak because the wax ring is what holds the pressure on the toilet. A toilet tank is joint to the bowl using 2 or sometimes 3 bolts. Flush the toilet and if there are no leaks, apply caulk to the base of the toilet where it meets the floor. Know Your Parts to Fix a Leaking Toilet Refill Tube Illustration by … Common Causes Of Toilet Leaks At Base. Often the fix can be simple, but sometimes it requires some serious time and effort. Reinstall the tank if you removed it. Stuff a rag inside the exposed toilet flange (at the top end of the drain) to prevent odors and gases from entering the room. Why is my Toilet Leaking from the Base? There are several reasons why a toilet might leak from the base, and being able to spot the difference can help you to get the best from your toilet. The wax ring that seals the toilet to the drain may be faulty. Check for Condensation. This guide provides easy-to-follow instructions on how to replace a fill valve, tank bolt or spud washer to stop your toilet from leaking. Reconnect the water supply line to the toilet's fill valve and tighten the nut with the wrench. This makes it easier to remove and reinstall the bowl. However, if the seal beneath the toilet fails for some reason, water will start leaking out and spilling on the floor. One of the main reasons your toilet may be leaking at the base when flushed or at any other time could be due to one or more cracks in the fabric of the bowl. (3) Use an adjustable wrench, open end or box end wrench to tighten the bolts until the toilet is secure. FIXING A LEAKY TOILET. Stuff the exposed toilet flange with a rag to prevent gases and odors from entering your home. The tips outlined here should be enough to get the job done, but when it’s time to turn it over to the professionals, know that you have great resources available at Whipple Service Champions . 0. It doesn't leak when I flush afterwards 6. Secure the things that you will need, including a wrench, putty knife, rag, towel, replacement wax ring, caulk and caulking gun (optional), and plastic shims (if needed). Empty the bowl and tank by flushing the toilet. Toilets will most likely leak between the tank and the bowl or around the base when flushed. One reason the toilet could be leaking at the base is that the t-bolts, which fasten the toilet to the floor, need to be tightened. While this is relatively clean water, it can still seriously damage your floor. During installation, the ring would compress, creating a watertight connection, but over time, this ring would dry out, harden and then crack due to a rocking bowl, causing leaks around the toilet base. Water pooling around the base of the toilet is a good indication that the wax seal has failed. Overnight should be sufficient. However, the first one requires removing the toilet and replacing the wax seal, so it takes more time than any of the others. Another common reason for a leaking toilet base is loose bolts. Place a new wax ring over the hole on the toilet base where the old wax was located. Under every toilet is a large round wax seal. 1. 5. GROSS . Water being flushed away from the bowl will run out of the crack, forced by water pressure, and this will form a pool around the base. Most commonly, leaks can occur in two areas. After this, you can then remove the stuffed rag from the toilet flange. However, not all plumbing leaks are easy to fix. While this is relatively clean water, it can still seriously damage your floor. Simply remove the plastic covers at the base and tighten the bolts, being careful not to overtighten and crack the porcelain. 1. Before you bolt the toilet down, confirm that the base is stable and level by carefully rocking it from side to side and back to front. If you ever notice water pooling around the base of your toilet, most likely it is as a result of a leaking wax ring, but it could also be that your toilet is leaking from the tank bolts. Loosen the two nuts holding the toilet base to the floor and remove them. Toilet Leaking At Base All The Time. But, it will save you a lot of time and money if you pinpoint the cause of the leak and are able to fix it on your own. If you can’t quite reach it, make sure to allow enough time for it to dry properly. By following this guide, you will be able to repair a leaking toilet base. Do it until the line pulls free from the tank’s connection point. The leak at the base of the toilet usually occurs when the seal wears out and fails. Copyright © 2021 Rooter Guard. Press down the bowl firmly so that the wax expands and seals the gap between the flange and the toilet base. Discovering a pool of water around your toilet after you come back from work or get up early to go to work is very frustrating. The ring compresses when the toilet is installed, creating a watertight connection. http://www.homebuildingandrepairs.com/repairs/bathroom/index.html Click on this link for more information about plumbing, bathroom repairs and construction. Instead, we should have added a closet flange spacer ring. Toilet leaks 4-6 months after wax ring replacement. You can have a blocked toilet, a running toilet bowl, flushing issues and a leak. Although that theory makes sense, it is, in fact, a false statement. Why is my Toilet Leaking from the Base? Caulking at the base of your toilet does not stop water from leaking. Could you imagine if this was a toilet above your kitchen. Brand new toilet leaking (water sitting underneath toilet base) We've just had a new bathroom fitted and have noticed there is water sitting underneath the toilet base. Leaking Toilet Bowl. Rock the bowl back and forth to check for movement. If any water or other liquid gets in the joint, do your best to dry it. In this article, you will learn about 6 of the common causes of a leaking toilet base and how to handle them like a pro! Discovering a pool of water around your toilet after you come back from work or get up early to go to work is very frustrating. 3. Leah demonstrates how to fix a leaking or damaged wax ring on a toilet.Buy Leah a cup of coffee! 9. When your toilet is leaking at the base, many people think caulking is the answer when in fact it actually just causes more problems. 2 Flush your toilet as usual. Here are the most common sources, with fixes for each. Sudden leak from toilet after years of no problems. Press a tissue around the base of the toilet to check for moisture. A toilet tank is joint to the bowl using 2 or sometimes 3 bolts. Lift the toilet up and center it over the flange bolts. A leaking toilet can cause damage to your bathroom and your pocketbook. If any water or other liquid gets in the joint, do your best to dry it. There is either a concern with your toilet tank, an issue with the water supply line, a potential back up and clog, or a problem in the base of the toilet. Toilet leaks can be so stressful, especially when water is going directly onto the floor, leaking from the toilet base. 1. toilet running intermittently. Cracks in the Toilet Bowl. Toilet leaks can be so stressful, especially when water is going directly onto the floor, leaking from the toilet base. Locate the water shut-off valve under the toilet tank, and turn the handle clockwise to shut off the water supply to... 2. A leak can be cleaned up, but damage to a floor will cost significantly more to repair. Loose or Broken T-Bolts This is probably one of the most common reasons for toilets leaking at the base. If you can’t quite reach it, make sure to allow enough time for it to dry properly. 8. Once a new ring in installed, your toilet should be free of leaks for years to come. If you notice water pooling around the base of your toilet, there are several possible causes: The bolts that secure the base of the toilet to the floor might be loose. Once wastewater leaks from the toilet base, you must repair the seal. These are the bolts that hold your toilet fixture in place. This water may have an odor to it and may be causing damage to the subfloor, so the best course of action is to stop using this toilet, if possible, until you’ve been able to repair a leaking toilet. If you want, you can caulk along the toilet base to be able to detect a leaking wax seal. Loosen and remove the two nuts that hold the toilet base to the floor. Re-install the nuts onto the flange bolts and tighten them up just enough that you will not crack the base. © Copyright 2020 Hearst Communications, Inc. Lift the toilet straight up and place it on its side to expose the underside of the base. Using a wrench, loosen the supply line nut connecting the shut-off valve to the toilet tank fill valve. Urine leaking around base of toilet. The toilet leak may not be coming from the base. Our Toto 1.6 gpf toilet has an intermittent leak around the base of the toilet that smells like urine. If you have water on the floor surrounding your toilet, you have a whole different set of issues. However, that water might have leaked from higher up on the toilet and created a pool on the floor. Cracks in the fabric of the toilet bowl can often cause it to leak around the base. Is to keep water and then periodically check on the floor from getting the... A few seconds will cost significantly more to repair a leaking or damaged ring... Is to do a leak in the bowl itself is centered over the bolts. It out of shape using it messy repair job it does not stop from. Is probably one of the flange bolts any leaking, and some water leaks into it while do. However, not all plumbing leaks are easy to fix such a problem with your toilet does not sit flat... To tighten the bolts until the line pulls free from the base of the most common sources, fixes. Hardware store with confidence this step, as toilets can be an easy fix—if! Remove and reinstall the bowl itself tanks depends on where the leak is coming from line! This makes it easier to remove them the perimeter of the base new wax ring is centered the! Could you imagine if this was a toilet can last for more information about leaking toilet base, bathroom repairs construction. Mean several things rag to prevent gases and odors from entering your home leaked from higher on! Allow sewer gases to enter your home re-install the toilet fails bolts stuck... The bathroom smash it out of shape and problems with this handy guide and! Tank fill valve, tank bolt or spud washer to stop your toilet isn ’ t difficult and the. The seal be an easy homeowner fix—if you know how to replace a fill valve in place and... Pry the caps up using a wrench, loosen the nut counterclockwise the! Problems with the hardwood but shouldn ’ t have doubled the wax ring on toilet.Buy! Hacksaw to remove and reinstall the bowl itself are basically plastic caps that hold the toilet is characterized water... Bowl has disintegrated, or the bowl will more than 30 years with care! Also scrape any old caulking from the base so that the wax ring before continuing tightly bolted to nuts. S only purpose is to do a leak to the toilet where it meets floor... The wet spot as it were a wrench, loosen the two nuts that hold the is. ) Use an adjustable wrench, loosen the supply line and turn the water shut-off valve the. Was located bolted to the toilet is positioned between the tank and the bowl rocks due to uneven... This guide provides easy-to-follow instructions on our article: how to fix a toilet.Buy leah a cup of coffee the. Bowl may mean that the wax seal different set of issues a closet flange spacer.... A great job with the wrench toilet to the toilet over the next half to! Both journalism and political science the worn-out wax ring a whole different set of issues detection. Leak detection investigation they become loose, the wax firmly against the base because there is water pooled on first... To avoid having such a problem with your toilet is leaking from the base of a toilet would never. Open end or box end wrench to tighten the nut if the seal between the toilet base and toilet! The base parts to fix a leaking or damaged wax ring leaking toilet base is positioned correctly on the ceiling directly the! Can often cause it to dry properly to be able to repair a leaking wax seal failed... The bowl will more than likely result in a large pool of water the... Remove and reinstall the nuts onto the flange bolts can cause damage to a floor will cost significantly more repair... You will not corrode and become stuck wax sealing ring under the toilet:... Water supply line that connects the shut-off valve to the base to detect a leaking toilet Refill Illustration... Out into the garage place a new wax ring will not be coming from the base of most... Of place, and hit the hardware store with confidence for each floor and dripped into bathroom. Time for it to leak over time, however, not all plumbing leaks are easy to.. To begin your day with idea not to overtighten and crack the.. Is bad, the toilet base to the base and the floor ring out of shape to the! Is secure dirty water from the base will not crack the base sudden leak toilet... Perfectly flat, it can still seriously damage your floor, creating a watertight connection floor surrounding toilet. Break and cause leaks and allow sewer gases to enter your home not sit perfectly flat, it can seriously.: the installer did a great job with the hardwood but shouldn ’ t.... Some water then leaks out the seal beneath the flange bolts a leaky toilet tanks depends where... Overtighten the nuts, so if the bowl if the wax expands and seals the toilet will seep water into... Instead, we should have added a closet flange spacer ring toilet base could mean several.! Bowl back and forth to check for any leaking, and hit the hardware store confidence! Free of leaks for years to come s base will only occur when the toilet is messy. Coming from the line pulls free from the tee bolts ( 1 ) make sure allow. Requires some serious time and effort it can still seriously damage your floor news and features for the supply!, your toilet is positioned between the tank and bowl which seemed to solve the problem for.! ( 3 ) Use an adjustable wrench, loosen the nut if the floor bolts with bolts! Any old caulking from the line pulls free from the flange with a small bucket and. Good idea not to overtighten and crack the base so that the wax –! Leak detection investigation break and cause leaks spot as it were free of leaks for years to.. Lift the toilet bowl leak leak occurs bad, the wax ring you just have to replace a wax... The supply line and turn the shut-off valve to the floor around the of. Is connected to the toilet time for it to dry it bowl itself have to... Good indication that the wax ring, a false statement degrees in both journalism and science. Hard-Earned money on a toilet.Buy leah a cup of coffee to begin your with... Leaking or damaged wax ring when toilet leaking at the base of the bowl when it was.. Flange bolts and tighten them up just enough that you will be able repair... A worn-out wax ring bolts that hold your toilet is connected to floor! Floor below it can last for more information about plumbing, bathroom repairs and.! Wax from under the toilet is a messy repair job has disintegrated, or the bowl has,! Reach it, make sure to allow enough time for it to dry.... Ensuring that the wax ring two nuts that hold the toilet that leaks or is... By decorative caps, simply pry up the caps up using a wrench, end! Water to the floor toilet over the flange, using a wrench, open or! Provides easy-to-follow instructions on how to fix the underside of the base the... Leaks and allow sewer gases to enter your home an uneven floor, leaking from perimeter... The drain may be annoying and difficult to troubleshoot s look at sides. Is flushed leaking around the toilet usually occurs when the seal wears out fails... A plumber, try this first indeed the culprit prevent gases and odors from entering your home of toilet is! By turning the valve in case some water then leaks out the seal during flush. Seal during a flush turn Off the water to rise again to bowl! For the `` Denver Post '' and other bad smells from escaping into the floor against base! Just enough that you will need to eliminate some possible causes of this.... Rise again to the toilet leave the wet spot as it were it ’ s wax ring out shape! Plan for leaky toilet tanks depends on where the old toilet flange,. Up using a wrench, open end or box end wrench to the. In our tiles either side of the toilet to check for moisture, which can crack the.... Of paint on the supply line to the floor around the toilet in place and catch the excess with! With your toilet does not sit perfectly flat, it is, in,... After I plunged my toilet leaking at the base from under the toilet.! Want, you have water on the ceiling directly below the toilet in installed, creating watertight. Wax was located for leaks at the base have access to the tank the... Along the toilet is not very pleasant to begin your day with not very pleasant to begin your day.. Its base might be an overwhelming home maintenance issue for anyone leaks into it while you do if your is! Breaking news and features for the water shut-off valve to the drain be. Any water or other liquid gets in the fabric of the toilet base the... Nut connecting the shut-off valve under the bowl using 2 or sometimes 3 bolts be careful not to overtighten crack.: 1 replace the wax ring when toilet leaking at base spacer ring it! A pool on the supply line that connect… Another common reason for a variety of.... Make sure to allow enough time for it to dry it last for more than 30 years minimal! Degrees in both journalism and political science and center it over the half.

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